Incorrect Subsequent Spelling Research Articles

Solving nomenclatural problems of genus-group names of the cuckoo-wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae): objectively invalid and unavailable names, new type-species designations, new names, a new genus and new synonymies.

Information is provided for 143 objectively invalid or unavailable genus-group names used in Chrysididae; 34 are objectively invalid, of which 18 are junior homonyms (five of these are also currently junior subjective synonyms), 18 are junior objective synonyms (two of these are also junior homonyms) of which seven are unjustified emendations, and two are unnecessary replacement names. The remaining 109 names are unavailable; 96 are incorrect subsequent spellings, most of them were originally lapsus calami or misprints, one is hereby deemed to be an incorrect original spelling, eight are nomina nuda, three were originally published as junior synonyms and never adopted before 1961 as valid names of any taxa, and one is a vernacular name previously considered as valid. Gender, type species, taxonomic history and status are given for each name except for incorrect subsequent spellings and unjustified emendations. Some cases of homonymies with taxa currently classified as non-animal are discussed. For two such junior homonyms, denoting genus-group taxa considered as valid in the present work, new replacement names are proposed: Linsenmaierella Rosa & Pavesi nom. nov. for Chrysidella Linsenmaier, nec Pascher; and Rhipidochrysis Rosa & Pavesi nom. nov. for Pleurochrysis Bohart, nec Pringsheim. New generic synonymies are established: consequent on new type-species designations, Leptoglossa Klug becomes a junior objective synonym of Parnopes Latreille syn. nov., and Pyrochloris Klug becomes a junior objective synonym of Euchroeus Latreille syn. nov.; Pseudodichrysis Trautmann is a junior objective synonym of Dichrysis Lichtenstein syn. nov. and the latter is in turn a junior subjective synonym of Chrysis Linnaeus. Platycelia Dahlbom is selected by the authors, acting as First Revisers, as the correct original spelling, and the simultaneously published Platycoelia is therefore deemed to be an incorrect subsequent spelling. The validation of Philoctetes Abeille de Perrin, not available when originally proposed, is discussed. Morphochrysis Rosa & Pavesi gen. nov. (type species: Chrysis pulchella Spinola) is here described; it includes members of the Chrysis pulchella species group previously included in Gonodontochrysis Semenov-Tian-Shanskij & Nikol'skaya, an unavailable name. The Chrysis zaravshanica species group is merged with the pulchella species group. A new specific synonymy within this group is proposed: Chrysis zaravshanica Tarbinsky syn. nov. of C. personata Semenov-Tian-Shanskij.

Vaginulus Férussac, 1822, not Vaginula auctt. is the valid name for a genus of slugs (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Systellommatophora, Veronicellidae)

There has been, and to some extent remains, confusion over the valid genus name for a group of slugs in the family Veronicellidae, either Vaginulus Férussac, 1822 or Vaginula auctt., often cited as of Berthold, 1827 or sometimes as of Blainville, 1828. We show that Vaginula was first made available as an emendation of Vaginulus Férussac by Hoffman in 1925 (Article 33.2.1 of the Code) and that all previous usages of the name were therefore incorrect subsequent spellings. However, Hoffman's emendation was unjustified (Art. 33.2.3). Vaginulus Férussac is the valid name and Vaginula Hoffman is a junior objective synonym. Vaginula Hoffman is also a junior homonym of Vaginula Risso, 1826 (Protozoa, Foraminifera) and of Vaginula Sowerby, 1833 (Gastropoda, Pteropoda).

HISTORICAL AND NOMENCLATURAL REMARKS ON SOME MEGATOOTHED SHARK TEETH (ELASMOBRANCHII, OTODONTIDAE) FROM THE CENOZOIC OF NEW JERSEY (U.S.A.)

. In the second issue of Samuel Morton’s “Synopsis of the Organic Remains of the Cretaceous Group of the United States” published in June 1835, several otodontid shark teeth from Cenozoic formations of New Jersey are named with authorship of Louis Agassiz and meet the conditions of availability of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclatural. It has gone largely unnoticed that some of these names were introduced in this work before their publication in Agassiz’s masterpiece “Recherches sur les poissons fossiles”. The specimens presented by Morton were kept in the John Price Wetherill (1794-1853) collection that found its way into the paleontological collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia, where most of them have been rediscovered. These teeth are part of the type series upon which Agassiz introduced Lamna obliqua Agassiz in Morton, 1835, Lamna lanceolata Agassiz in Morton, 1835, Carcharias lanceolatus Agassiz in Morton, 1835, Carcharias megalotis Agassiz, 1835 and Carcharias polygurus Agassiz in Morton, 1835, all of these species being referred to the genus Otodus in the present work. In order to secure the nomenclatural stability of the Otodontidae, it is established that Otodus lanceolatus is a junior synonym of Otodus obliquus, that “Carcharias” lanceolatus belongs to the genus Otodus Agassiz, 1838 and is invalid as a junior secondary homonym of Otodus lanceolatus, that Otodus megalotis is a junior synonym of Otodus auriculatus (Blainville, 1818), and that Otodus polygurus (Otodus polygyrus being an incorrect subsequent spelling) is a junior synonym of Otodus megalodon (Agassiz, 1835). Furthermore, it is shown that the date of publication of Otodus obliquus (Agassiz in Morton, 1835) is 1835 and not 1838 as previously thought.

NEW RECORDS OF MOTH FLIES (DIPTERA PSYCHODIDAE) MAINLY FROM PROTECTED AREAS OF PENINSULAR ITALY

Several new records for 22 taxa of moth flies from Italy are presented. Among them, Clytocerus (Boreoclytocerus) dalii (Eaton, 1893) and Pericoma (Pericoma) pannonica Szabó, 1960 are new to the Italian fauna. The other taxa represent new regional records, chiefly from central Apennine. Distribution of each species is provided, together with ecological and taxonomic remarks, where relevant. The name pseudoexquisita Tonnoir, 1940, in Pericoma Walker, 1856, is found to be an incorrect subsequent spelling, hence unavailable. The correct original spelling is pseudexquisita Tonnoir, 1940.

Taxonomic catalogue of the family Ochteridae with description of Ochterus papaceki sp. nov. from Socotra Island and Tanzania (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)

The world catalogue of the family Ochteridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Ochteroidea) is compiled. The fossil subfamily Propreocorinae Popov, Dolling & Whalley, 1994, recently excluded from Ochteridae by other authors, is formally raised to family rank as Propreocoridae stat. nov. The fossil genus Meropachys Popov, 1986 is found to be a junior homonym of Meropachys Burmeister, 1835 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae) and is replaced by a new substitute name, Yuripachys nom. nov., resulting in one new combination: Yuripachys dubius (Popov, 1986) comb. nov. Neochterus Mahner, 1993 (originally proposed as subgenus of Ochterus Latreille, 1807) is considered an unavailable name. Ochterus papaceki Kment & Carapezza sp. nov. is described and illustrated as a new species from the island of Socotra (Yemen) and Tanzania. Gender agreement in Ochterus paucistriata Baehr, 1990 is corrected to O. paucistriatus Baehr, 1990. The name Ochterus perbosci (Guérin-Méneville, 1843), an incorrect subsequent spelling of O. perboscii in prevailing usage, is fixed according to Article 33.3.1 of the ICZN (1999). The spelling of Angulochterus quadrimaculatus Yao, Zhang & Ren, 2011 is corrected according to Article 32.5.1 of ICZN (1999). The original publication of Ochterus barberi Schell, 1943, O. bidentatus Schell, 1943, O. hungerfordi Schell, 1943, and O. parvus Schell, 1943 is clarified. The name bearing types of Ochterus barberi, O. bidentatus, O. hungerfordi, O. parvus, O. perbosci, and Pelogonus splendidulus Montandon, 1898 (= Ocyochterus victor (Bolívar, 1879)) are considered as lectotypes. The family Ochteridae currently includes 3 recent genera and 88 described species group taxa (84 species and 4 subspecies): Megochterus Jaczewski, 1934 (2 species from Australia), Ochterus (80 species and 4 subspecies distributed worldwide), and Ocyochterus Drake & Gómez-Menor, 1954 (2 species from NW South America). The fossil record of Ochteridae currently includes 4 genera and 5 species: Angulochterus Yao, Zhang & Ren, 2011 (1 species from Early Cretaceous of China), Floricaudus Yao, Ren & Shih, 2011 (1 species from Early Cretaceous of China), Pristinochterus Yao, Cai & Ren, 2007 (2 species from Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of China), and Riegerochterus Popov & Heiss, 2014 (1 species from Miocene Dominican amber). In addition the fossil genus Yuripachys (1 species from Early Creatceous of Mongolia) is classified as Ochteridae incertae sedis, Propreocoris Popov, Dolling & Whalley, 1994 (1 species from Early Jurassic of England) as common ancestor of Ochteridae and Gelastocoridae in its own family Propreocoridae, and Grimaldinia Popov & Heiss, 2014 (1 species from Burmese Amber) and Heterochterus Evans, 1971 (1 species based on an isolated wing, Late Triassic of Australia) as Ochteroidea incertae sedis. The following new records are provided: Ochterus aeneifrons surinamensis Nieser, 1975 (Colombia), O. caffer (Stål, 1855) (Mozambique, Sudan), O. feae (Laos, Thailand), O. marginatus marginatus (Latreille, 1804) (China: Anhui, Shaanxi; Central African Republic; India: Rajasthan; Oman; Sudan), and O. nicobarensis Chandra & Jehamalar, 2012 (Myanmar). The distribution of all species is reviewed and the zoogeographic patterns and biodiversity of Ochteridae are discussed.

Alien Gill Parasites of the Silver Carp <i>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix</i> (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in Tochigi Prefecture, Central Japan

Four species of alien parasites, Dactylogyrus skrjabini Achmerow, 1954, D. hypophthalmichthys Achmerow, 1952, D. wuhuensis Lee, 1960 (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea: Dactylogyridae), and Sinergasilus lieni Yin, 1949 (Crustacea: Copepoda: Ergasilidae), were collected from the gills of the alien cyprinid, the silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844) in the Watarase River flowing into the Watarase Retarding Basin, Tochigi Prefecture, central Japan. These alien parasites represent new geographical records from Japan. The generic position of D. skrjabini has been doubted because its dorsal anchor shape is similar to those of Pellucidhaptor spp. (Dactylogyridae), but the species should be assigned to Dactylogyrus based on the phylogenetic analysis of 28S rDNA made in this study. The scientific name “Pseudergasilus polycolpus Markewitsch, 1939” is an incorrect subsequent spelling of P. undulatus Markewitsch, 1940, and S. lieni is the oldest available name that can be applied to the ergasilid found in this study.

An annotated catalogue of Elachistinae of the World (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Elachistidae).

An annotated catalogue of world species of Elachistinae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Elachistidae) is presented. The classification follows recent phylogenetic studies. Genera and the species within each genus are listed in alphabetical order. All family, genus and species-group names of Elachistinae published before 28 August 2018 are treated. Sixty-six genus-group names are listed, 60 of which are nomenclaturally available. In the classification followed in this catalogue the species are placed in 10 genera. There are 1016 nomenclaturally available and 106 unavailable species-group names. Of these,805 names are currently considered to represent valid species. For each species the following data are given: the reference to the original publication and the page; type locality; deposition of the name-bearing types; in the genus Elachista, the taxonomic rank with the subgenus and the informal species group when applicable; distribution; larval host plants; references to essential illustrations, and remarks, when needed. Synonyms are listed under valid names; distribution with geographic area and country records, for Australia, Canada and U.S.A. territories, provinces and states are given; Russia is divided into subregions. Larval host plant records are listed with notes regarding uncertain records. When possible, original references that are considered trustworthy in later literature are given, as well as relevant literature references for illustrations for each species. Synonymies, incorrect subsequent spellings and misspellings are listed under each species with full reference. Alphabetical lists are given for subfamily and infra-generic groupings of species of the genus Elachista, to summarize the placement of each species in its subgenus and species group within the subgenera. 110 valid and one unavailable species-group names originally described to genera currently considered elachistines, but later removed, are listed. When known, their current identity is given. The following taxonomic changes are made: Elachista amseli (Parenti, 1981), a secondary junior homonym of E. amseli Rebel, 1933, is replaced with E. parentii nom. nov.; Hemiprosopa asiatica Sinev, 1998 = Elachista asiatica (Sinev, 1998) stat. nov., comb. nov.; E. bipunctella (Sinev Sruoga, 1995), a junior secondary homonym of E. bipunctella Treitschke, 1833, is replaced as E. ochropunctosa Kaila, nom. nov.; Elachista cerusella f. juncta Dufrane, 1957 is raised as species-rank name Elachista juncta Dufrane, 1957 stat. nov., a synonym of E. maculicerusella Bruand; Svenssonia corsicana Tautel Nel, 2010 is transferred to Elachista (Aphelosetia), comb. n.; E. cupreella Blanchard, 1852 is transferred to Perittia, comb. nov.; E. flammeaepennella Costa, 1836 is raised as valid species, stat. rev.; Illantis Meyrick, 1921 is considered a junior subjective synonym of Elachista, syn. nov.; I. picroleuca Meyrick, 1921 is transferred to Elachista, comb. nov.; E. kosteri Traugott-Olsen, 1995 = E. differens Parenti, 1978, syn. nov.; E. oritropha Bradley, 1965 = E. iriphaea (Meyrick, 1932), syn. nov.; Paraperittia Rebel, 1916 = Phaulernis Meyrick, 1895 (Epermeniidae) syn. nov.; P. uniformella Rebel, 1916 = Phaulernis dentella (Zeller, 1839), syn. nov.; and E. zernyi Hartig, 1941 = E. stelviella Amsel, 1932, syn. nov. A lectotype is designated for Paraperittia uniformella Rebel. Elachista macquartella Duponchel, 1840 is considered a nomen oblitum, stat. nov.

<p align="left"><strong>The authorship and date of five generic nomina of Squamata and Amphibia published by Cuvier (1816, 1829), with recourse to and comments on twenty Articles of the <em>Code</em></strong></p>

In the scientific literature, the availability, authorship, date and onomatophore of the four generic nomina of lizards "Platydactyles", "Hemidactyles", "Thecadactyles" and "Ptyodactyles" published by Cuvier (1816) and of the genus nomen of toads "Otilophes" published by Cuvier (1829) as French scientific nomina in the plural, and of their latinised forms, are credited to various authors. After a careful analysis, these nomina are here attributed respectively to Goldfuss (1820) for Platydactylus, Hemidactylus, Thecadactylus and Ptyodactylus, to Wagler (1830) for Otilophus and to Tschudi (1838) for Osilophus. Solutions are proposed to various other nomenclatural problems related to these and related nomina. Attention is drawn again to the fact that the Code’s Rules concerning specific epithets and generic substantives being ‘unmodified vernacular words’, as well as those distinguishing ‘unjustified emendations’ from ‘incorrect subsequent spellings’ are deficient. In order to solve all these nomenclatural cases, we had to resort to 20 Articles of the Code (3.2, 11.2, 11.3, 11.6, 11.7, 11.8, 21.2, 21.3, 23.9, 24.2, 30.2, 32.5, 33.2, 33.3, 35.4, 40.2, 50.1, 57.3, 67.8 and 68.3) and to 59 technical nomenclatural terms. This highlights the fact that nomenclatural problems concerning old nomina cannot be properly dealt with in a hurry and without a good, but also critical, knowledge of the Code, and that the use of a more detailed terminology than that of the Code facilitates such a work.

<p><strong>The nomenclatural status of the generic nomina <em>Epirinus</em> Dejean, 1833 and <em>Epirhinus</em> Agassiz, 1846 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)</strong></p>

The genus Epirinus Dejean, 1833 was established with seven originally included species, none of which was designated as type. Reiche’s (1841) and Janssens’ (1938) designations of a type species for this genus were invalid, but Ferreira’s (1972) subsequent designation of Scarabaeus flagellatus Fabricius, 1775 is valid by virtue of Article 69.2.2, as this author had placed the nomen Scarabaeus granulatus Olivier, 1789, one of the originally included species of Epirinus, in its synonymy: the latter nominal species is therefore the type species of this nominal genus. The unjustified emendation Epirhinus Agassiz, 1846 of Epirinus Dejean, 1833 is nomenclaturally available but invalid, being its junior objective synonym. As for the spelling Epirrhinus introduced by Bedel (1903), it is an incorrect subsequent spelling, devoid of nomenclatural availability.

Annotated nomenclator of extant and fossil taxa of the Paludomidae (Caenogastropoda, Cerithioidea).

This nomenclator provides bibliographic details on all names in the family-, genus-, and species-group of the the family Paludomidae. All nomenclaturally available names are discussed including junior homonyms and objective junior synonyms as well as unavailable names such as nomina nuda, infrasubspecific names and, to some extent, also incorrect subsequent spellings. In the family-group a total of 28 names are included in the nomenclator, of which 21 are available and seven unavailable names. Of the available names in the family-group, six are invalid for nomenclatural reasons. In the genus-group a total of 57 names are included in the catalogue. Of the available names in the genus-group, 11 are invalid for nomenclatural reasons. In the species-group a total of 499 names are included, of which 463 are available, but 21 are invalid for nomenclatural reasons. All names are given in their original combination and spelling (mandatory changes are discussed and corrected spellings are provided), along with the reference to the original publication. For each family- and genus-group name, the original classification and the type genus or type species, respectively, are given. For species-group taxa the type locality and type horizon (for fossil taxa) are provided, usually as given in the original publication. A new name, Cleopatraadami nom. nov., is proposed for the fossil Cleopatracylindrica (Adam, 1957), which is a homonym of Cleopatracridlandicylindrica Mandahl-Barth, 1954, and a lectotype for Cleopatradubia Adam, 1959 is designated. A new replacement name Leloupiella nom. nov. is proposed for Stormsia Leloup, 1953 which is a homonym of Stormsia Bourguignat, 1891.

Notes on Iniocyphus iheringi Raffray, 1912 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae).

The only available specimen of Iniocyphus iheringi Raffray, 1912, type species of the type genus of the tribe Iniocyphini Inyocyphus Raffray, 1912, is redescribed and illustrated in detail. The original spelling of the species epithet iheringi is reinstated over jheringi, which was an incorrect subsequent spelling. The specimen examined is designate as the lectotype.

Catalogue of the Incini with the description of the first Archedinus species from Honduras (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae)

Abstract We present an annotated catalogue for the tribe Incini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) including references to all taxonomic and nomenclatural acts, clarifying the spelling of names, providing type depositories and occurrence records for the species. The spelling of Golinca davisii (Waterhouse, 1877) is fixed, and the incorrect subsequent spelling Pantodinus klugi Burmeister, 1847 is preserved. A comprehensive list of all valid names in Incini is provided. Furthermore, we describe the third species in the genus Archedinus Morón & Krikken, 1990, and first one known from outside of Mexico, A. antoshkai Seidel & Arriaga-Varela sp. nov. from Cerro las Minas, the highest mountain in Honduras. We provide an updated determination key for the species of Archedinus. The new species is compared with Archedinus howdeni Morón & Vaz-de-Mello, 2007, the most similar species in terms of genital and habitus morphology. An updated key to identification of males of Archedinus is provided.

Recognition and partial solution of nomenclatural issues involving copepods of the family Monstrillidae (Crustacea: Copepoda: Monstrilloida).

This work seeks to expose and clear up nomenclatural irregularities involving copepods of the order Monstrilloida, family Monstrillidae. The diagnostic text related to Monstrilla minuta Isaac, 1974 and four nominal species of Thaumaleus Krøyer, 1849 (now Cymbasoma Thompson, 1888) proposed by Isaac in 1974 is sufficient for all names to be available from their original description except for Thaumaleus similirostratus, which was proposed conditionally in 1974 and was first made available by Isaac in 1975; "similirostris" as used by Grygier in 1995 is an incorrect subsequent spelling. Four other specific names proposed in 1975 by Isaac, but disclaimed by him as nomina nuda (an action permitted retroactively by the Fourth Edition of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature) have never been made available. By quoting the necessary information from Isaac's doctoral dissertation, two of them are validated herein under the names Thaumaleus frondipes Isaac in Grygier Suárez-Morales, sp. nov., and Strilloma scotti Isaac in Grygier Suárez-Morales, sp. nov., and are immediately reassigned as new combinations to Cymbasoma and Monstrilla Dana, 1849, respectively. A fifth such name, Thaumaleus tumorifrons, has already been made available under the authorship of Suárez-Morales, 1999, but its females are excluded from the type series; the spelling of the specific name of the new species recently proposed for those females, Cymbasoma mediterranea Suárez-Morales, Goruppi, Olazabal Tirelli, 2017, is emended to mediterraneum to match the gender of the genus. For Cymbasoma bowmani Suárez-Morales Gasca, 1998, the "Form B" female mentioned in the original description is excluded from the type series. The authorship and date of availability of Haemocera (currently Cymbasoma) morii depends on which language version of Article 13.1.1 of the Code is followed; a ruling by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature under Article 87 of the Code is necessary to resolve the matter. The composition of the type series of Cymbasoma bullatum (Scott, 1909) in terms of both number and sex has become unclear; its type locality is restricted herein to the vicinity of Obi Island in the Moluccas. Despite a published statement to the contrary, the syntype series of Cymbasoma germanicum (Timm, 1893) included specimens from other localities than just Helgoland. The type series of Cymbasoma guerrerense Suárez-Morales Morales-Ramírez, 2009 consists only of the holotype, which was mistakenly reported under the wrong registration number. The supposed invalidity of Monstrilla capitellicola Hartman, 1961 is discussed. Monstrilla javensis Isaac, 1974, nomen nudum, has remained unavailable owing to lack of adherence to Article 16.1 of the Code by later authors; the specific name is made available herein, under Suárez-Morales' authorship, in the combination Cymbasoma javense sp. nov. The taxonomic (and eventual nomenclatural) question of the status of M. mariaeugeniae Suárez-Morales Islas-Landeros, 1993 vis à vis M. wandelii Stephensen, 1913, i.e. as a separate species or a subspecies of the latter, remains unsettled. Cymbasoma lenticula Suárez-Morales McKinnon, 2014 and Monstrillopsis boonwurrungorum Suárez-Morales McKinnon, 2014 are fixed herein as the correct original spellings of those two specific names. Resolution of the problem posed by assignment of the specific name reticulata to supposedly non-conspecific males and females in the genus Monstrillopsis Sars, 1921 requires the designation of a neotype by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature.

Mandatory changes of specific names to agree in gender with TalitriatorMethuen, 1913, which is masculine (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae).

The genus Talitriator Methuen, 1913 was originally erected for T. eastwoodae Methuen, 1913, a talitrid amphipod or "land-hopper" from South Africa that was fixed as the type species of this genus by monotypy. Talitriator now includes seven species of land-hopper inhabiting South Africa as well as Saint Helena and Ascension islands in the Southern Atlantic (Stock Biernbaum 1994; Griffiths 1999; Horton et al. 2018). Although Methuen (1913) did not explicitly explain the etymology of the generic name, it obviously combines the name of the talitrid type genus Talitrus Bosc, 1802 (stem: Talitr-; from Latin talitrum, a rapping or flick of a finger: Jaeger 1962), with the connecting vowel "i" and the Latin masculine agentive suffix "-ator". On account of the final suffix, the gender of the name Talitriator is masculine. Under Articles 31.2 and 34.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature [hereafter "the Code"] (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999), a Latin adjective that is used as a species-group name must agree in gender with the generic name it is combined with. Article 34.2 further specifies that an incorrect gender ending must be changed (a "mandatory change", as opposed to either an "emendation" or an "incorrect subsequent spelling": cf. Article 33.1 of the Code). This gender-agreement rule has largely been ignored in publications concerning species of Talitriator, with adjectival names most often being spelled with the feminine suffix "-a" regardless of generic assignment.

A review of acarid mites (Acariformes: Acaridae) associated with bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), with description of Ipsoglyphus bochkovi gen. and sp. nov. 

Acarid mites associated with bark beetles feed on fungi, transfer fungal spores, and promote fungal strain recombination inside beetles’ galleries. Many of these mites are omnivorous generalists, with a clear preference to mycetophagy, living in different subcortical habitats, including galleries of bark beetles. We reviewed associations of acarid mites and scolytine beetles numbering 26 mite species in 11 genera associated with 45 bark beetle species in 17 countries (134 unique records total). A new genus and species of acarid mite, Ipsoglyphus bochkovi, gen. and sp. nov. (Acariformes: Acaridae) collected from Ips typographus pheromone traps in Western Siberia, Russia, is described and illustrated from deutonymphs. The new genus differs from all other acarid genera of by a combination of the following characters: two solenidia on genu I, an unpaired eye-spot present on the anterior prodorsum, and palpal supracoxal setae (elc p) lanceolate. As part of this work, we established the following new synonymies and combinations: Halictacarus zakhvatkini (Delfinado and Baker, 1976) comb. nov. from Schulzea (=Schulzea orientalis Putatunda & Kapil, 1995 syn. nov.; Schulzea halicti Putatunda and Kapil, 1995 syn. nov.); Halictacarus indicus (Putatunda & Kapil, 1995) comb. nov. from Schulzea; Forecellinia insolita (Woodring & Moser, 1970) comb. nov. from Anoetus; Histiogaster wichmanni (Türk & Türk, 1957) comb. nov. from Caloglyphus; Reckiacarus sudeticus (Kiełczewski & Wiśniewski, 1975), comb. n. from Histiogaster; Reckiacarus stammeri (F. Türk & E. Türk, 1957) comb. n. from Histiogaster. The following names were emended to agree in gender with the generic name Histiogaster Berlese, 1883 (feminine): Histiogaster iberica Kadzhaya, 1959, Histiogaster robusta Woodring, 1966, Histiogaster rotunda Woodring, 1966, Histiogaster striatissima Mahunka, 1973. Between the variant spellings Histiogaster arborsignum Woodring, 1963 and Histiogaster arborsignis Woodring, 1966, the latter is an incorrect subsequent spelling, however, because it is in prevailing usage, we treat it as correct: Histiogaster arborsignis Woodring, 1963. 

Notes on the Distribution and Ovipositor Morphology of Mylarisgigas (Linnaeus, 1767), Mylaris maxima (Germar, 1824), and Taphrosomadohrni Kirsch, 1866 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini)

New records on the geographical distribution of Mylaris gigas (Linnaeus, 1767), Mylaris maxima (Germar, 1824), and Taphrosoma dohrniKirsch, 1866 are presented, and a distribution map is provided. Their ovipositors are described, illustrated, and compared for the first time. Taphrosoma doorknob is considered an incorrect subsequent spelling of T. dohrni and therefore an invalid name.

The valid name of the Curl-crested Aracari (Pteroglossus beauharnaesii)

ABSTRACT Under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the valid form and source of the name for the well-known Curl-crested Aracari should remain Pteroglossus beauharnaesii Wagler, 1832. Although it is an incorrect subsequent spelling, its challenger, Pteroglossus beauharnaisii, is a nomen oblitum. Pteroglossus beauharnaesii Wagler, 1832 has been in universal use since 1900, and it is protected either by Article 23.9 or 33.3.1 of the Code, depending on the interpretation of the way the younger name was introduced.

A nomenclator of extant and fossil taxa of the Melanopsidae (Gastropoda, Cerithioidea).

This nomenclator provides details on all published names in the family-, genus-, and species-group, as well as for a few infrasubspecific names introduced for, or attributed to, the family Melanopsidae. It includes nomenclaturally valid names, as well as junior homonyms, junior objective synonyms, nomina nuda, common incorrect subsequent spellings, and as far as possible discussion on the current status in taxonomy. The catalogue encompasses three family-group names, 79 genus-group names, and 1381 species-group names. All of them are given in their original combination and spelling (except mandatory corrections requested by the Code), along with their original source. For each family- and genus-group name, the original classification and the type genus and type species, respectively, are given. Data provided for species-group taxa are type locality, type horizon (for fossil taxa), and type specimens, as far as available.

<p align="left"><strong><em>Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis</em></strong><strong> (Acari: Ixodidae), a correct original species name, with notes on Chinese geographical and personal names in zoological taxa</strong></p>

The correct original species name Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis Teng, 1980 was derived from Latinization of a geographical name, in conformity with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) (1961), Articles 11 and 32, and Appendices C and D (ICZN 3rd ed., 1985), as well as Article 11, Recommendation 11A (ICZN 4th ed., 1999). The incorrect subsequent spelling “quinghaiensis” is not an available name and cannot be used as a substitute name (ICZN 3rd ed., Article 34c, and 4th ed., Article 33.3). The geographical name “Qinghai” means blue lake, a large lake of northwestern China from which Qinghai Province derives its name. It is therefore not surprising that naturalists exploring Qinghai Province have applied the specific epithet qinghaiensis to their discoveries. Currently, over 160 species of plants, animals, and even bacteria bear the name qinghaiensis. Romanization of Chinese words was approved by the Chinese government in 1958 and subsequently registered with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which has consultative status with the United Nations under ISO-7098.1977, revised as ISO-7098.1991.

What is Lethe hyrania (Kollar, 1844) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)?

Known for a long time as "Lethe insana [sic] (Kollar, 1844)" (e.g. Fruhstorfer, 1911; D'Abrera, 1985), Lethe hyrania (Kollar, 1844) is a common, sexually-dimorphic, satyrine butterfly, found in the Sino-Himalayan region. Kollar (1844) described simultaneously both Satyrus isana and S. hyrania, as separate but closely related species, from northwestern India. Kollar (1844) spelt the name of the former in two different ways, as isana in the text (pp. 448, 449, 585), and as jsana in the legend for plate 16. Westwood (1851) maintained isana and hyrania as separate species but transferred them to the genus Debis Doubleday, whereas both Butler (1868) and Kirby (1871) assigned them to the genus Lethe Hübner, synonymizing isana under L. rohria (Fabricius). Moore (1882) was the first author to regard isana and hyrania as conspecific, the former representing the female sex and the latter the male, though he misspelt isana as "isania". Acting as First Reviser, Article 24.2 of ICZN (1999), Moore (1882) gave precedence to hyrania, thus the valid name for the species is Lethe hyrania. Later, Marshall & Nicéville (1883), Nicéville (1886), Doherty (1886), Elwes (1888), and Moore (1892) followed Moore's (1882) opinion, though afterwards Mackinnon & Nicéville (1897) argued that isana had priority over hyrania, based on "page precedence", ignoring Moore's (1882) previous action. Bingham (1905) was the first author to introduce the incorrect subsequent spelling "insana" and, apparently following Mackinnon & Nicéville (1897), also gave precedence to "insana" over hyrania. Most subsequent authors followed Bingham's (1905) error, and used Lethe "insana" for this species (for instance, Fruhstorfer, 1911; Evans, 1923, 1927; Gaede, 1931; Talbot, [1949]; Lesse, 1957; D'Abrera, 1985, 1990; Bozano, 1999). Except for Bozano (1999), who listed both hyrania and "insana" as valid species, without further comment, the name hyrania has been forgotten for over a hundred years.